همایش ملی احیای بوم‌شناختی بر پایه طبیعت با تاکید بر زنبورعسل

چکیده مقاله

Agroforestry is recognized as a pivotal climate-smart practice, integrating trees with agricultural production to enhance sustainability, livelihoods, and ecosystem resilience. This study evaluates the composition, socio-economic drivers, and species diversity of agroforestry systems (AFS) across contrasting climatic regions—semi-humid upland and humid lowland—in northern Iran. Using a mixed-methods approach, socio-economic data were collected via 116 farmer surveys, while biological assessments inventoried trees across 76 farms (0.67 ha each). Results reveal distinct regional patterns: lowland systems prioritize timber sales (76.2% of farmers) and feature higher tree volume (2.15±1.19 m³) but lower species diversity (8 species), dominated by poplar (65.5%). Upland systems emphasize food production (44%) and show higher species richness (22 species) and tree density (403±127 trees/ha), though with smaller trees. Farmer motivations and challenges diverged, with uplands constrained by limited land and governmental support, while lowlands faced knowledge gaps in species composition. Biodiversity analysis confirmed higher taxa richness and species evenness in uplands. The findings underscore how climate and socio-economic factors shape AFS structure and objectives, providing insights for region-specific policies to strengthen agroforestry adoption as a strategy for climate adaptation and sustainable land use.

کلمات کلیدی:

Agroforestry, semi-humid, species diversity, tree density